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This web exhibit was first built in 2000 by Patricia Anne Kinser, Haverford College, under the direction of Paul Grobstein, Bryn Mawr College. The updated version of Comparative Neuroanatomy and Intelligence is now online at http://serendipstudio.org/exchange/brains. This old version has been archived in place, and will continue to be available for teachers and students who are using it. |
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The Neuron- Up Close and Personal
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Directional Terms
Three directional planes exist in the brain: rostral/caudal, dorsal/ventral, and medial/lateral. When sectioning (cutting) the brain, which planes are visible is determined by the type of section. In the sagittal section (which is made parallel to the midline, dorsal to ventral) the rostral/caudal and dorsal/ventral planes can be seen. In the coronal or cross section (made perpendicular to the midline, as if you're slicing a loaf of bread) the medial/lateral and dorsal/ventral planes can be seen. The images below shows the 3 different planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) in which a brain can be sectioned:
(image thanks to http://nirlweb.mc.duke.edu/directionalplanes.htm) In addition, there are four possible views of the brain: lateral, medial, dorsal, and ventral. Lateral is from the side; medial is towards the midline (often from a sagittal section); dorsal is looking from above; and ventral is looking from below. There are numerous specific parts of the brain that we could name and explore. The following is a list of structures within the four basic subdivisions of the brain:
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain Brain Stem: pons, medulla, spinal cord.
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