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Adderall: College Students' Best Friend-- Or Worst Enemy??

Kristin Jenkins's picture

Attention deficit hyperactive disorder is a neurologically based behavioral disorder that afflicts children and adults alike (1). Characterized by inability to pay attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive actions, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, or ADHD for short, this disorder has become a popular diagnosis for students who claim that they are unable to concentrate or focus on their studies (2). Much research has been done in recent years regarding ADHD, its neurological basis in the brain, and how to treat it effectively (1). Many prescription drugs have been released onto the market that effectively target the levels of certain hormones which in turn enable one to counteract the symptoms of ADHD (3).

However, drugs such as Adderall, which were developed solely for those properly diagnosed with the disorder, are beginning to be used recreationally by those whom admit to not having ADHD, but either find that they perform better with its aid or simply enjoy the high of the prescription drug (4). What does this mean for college students? Is recreational use of this drug dangerous physically? Mentally? Does the use of Adderall by those not diagnosed with pose the threat of an addiction? Is an addiction to a drug that seems to make you more efficient a bad thing?

To begin to answer these questions and more, one must understand a few of the basics of the neurobiology behind the disorder ADHD and the science behind drugs that treat it. Like many neurologically based disorders, scientists are not 100% sure of all of the complicated functions that play a role (1). However, by using state of the art brain imaging techniques, several studies have deduced that brains afflicted with ADHD malfunction in the frontal cortex (1). The frontal cortex is involved with primarily executive functions like reasoning, planning, focusing, and problem solving (1). It is in this part of the brain that dopamine, an important neurotransmitter, has been found to be deficient. Without proper concentrations of dopamine in the frontal cortex, these executive functions suffer (5).

To treat this disorder, prescription drugs like Adderall may be prescribed to patients. Adderall is a cocktail of several active ingredients that include amphetamine salts, an active ingredient in many ADHD medications. These amphetamines are thought to treat ADHD by blocking the reuptake of  dopamine from the neural synapses and increasing the uptake into subsequent neurons. The increased dopamine flow in the frontal cortex then allows the brain to carry on its executive functions as a normal brain would, thus counteracting the effects of ADHD (6). But what happens when a brain whose executive functions work properly is treated with such a powerful stimulant?

The answer to this question lies in the 1 in 5 college students that admit to using this drug and not having ADHD (7). Why? Athletes have steroids, depressives have “happy-pills”, and those who wish to do it all, and do it fast, have Adderall. A person with a perfectly normal, functioning frontal cortex and dopamine levels will experience a heightened sense of motivation, focus, and concentration. Presumably this is the perfect mood to pull all-nighters, read hundreds of pages at a time, and write pages and pages of that final paper (8). “I didn't feel like I was becoming smarter or even like I was thinking more clearly. I just felt more directed, less distracted by rogue thoughts, less day-dreamy (7),” states Joshua Foer, a journalist who, after consulting many doctors, decided to try Adderall for himself. “I felt like I was clearing away underbrush that had been obscuring my true capabilities (7).” Before performing his experiment, Foer discussed his decision with psychiatrists who informed him, to his surprise, that when taken in small doses, irregularly, with or without a prescription, Adderall is most likely harmless (7). Other scientists beg to differ, and it is these accounts that are of particular interest.

The general consensus is that stimulant amphetamines like Adderall do indeed increase performance in those that do and do not have properly diagnosed ADHD. The promise of a better GPA with less effort is promise enough for college students across the board to obtain Adderall by any means necessary. Many students admit to actually seeing doctors and purposefully exaggerating symptoms of ADHD to acquire medication. Others simply pop a generously donated pill from their pals (8). The danger lies in the possibility of dependence and the rarely considered effect of the drug on those that have preexisting medical problems that can deteriorate with prolonged use (8).

Since many students assert that they use Adderall only for studying for large tests and completing important assignments, the risk of dependency is high. “I don’t think I’m addicted…..I just can’t imagine not taking it (8),” says student Susan. Says student Steve: “I attend a major university….I take two pills when I have a ton of work to do….Without Adderall I failed one class….I began to take Adderall again and saw a huge improvement (9).” The long term effects of using Adderall in this manner are relatively unknown, however it is well known that those that use amphetamines in larger doses by snorting or inhaling can very well be diagnosed with addiction. Just one example of an amphetamine of this nature is speed (10).

Other side effects of this drug include being irritable while under the influence (8) and feeling as though one’s creativity has been stifled in the name of creating order out of disorder and doing the one task at hand (7). “These medications allow you to be more structured and more rigid. That's the opposite of the impulsivity of creativity,” says Dr. Heiligenstein of the University of Wisconsin (7). Is this just a small price to pay for an “A?” Can one sacrifice their creativity for a few hours in the name of passing Chemistry?

There is even more to this issue than menacing side effects, however. What is it about academics today that have students popping pills to succeed? And is it fair? Athletes that use steroids are kicked off their sports teams because they are assumed to have an unfair advantage—so isn’t this the same general principle? Many students, especially those that actually suffer from ADHD reply “Yes.” “It’s the kind of medication that can help anyone,” says ADHD afflicted student Josie, “For people with ADD, it just makes them normal, and for people without ADD, it makes them above average. If both me and someone without ADD were both on Adderall, I could never outdo them (8).”

So, as a stressed out college student striving to succeed in school and boost my GPA, I sit here wondering how much faster and more efficiently I could have written this paper had I been taking Adderall. A nagging suspicion tells me that yes, maybe I would have finished before 2 am. Maybe I would have stopping pausing to check my e-mail and Facebook. But my gut tells me that this is the wrong thing to do. Not being afflicted with ADHD, I do not have a good reason to take a pill to succeed other than to counteract my own inability to “get down to business”, as they say. My motivation for writing this paper was to find out whether or not unprescribed use of Adderall was dangerous. It appears that though it is not. The risk of dependency, however, is real, and can be seen in those students that can no longer finish assignments without the help of this drug. My question now is whether or not it is morally correct for college students to continue taking this drug as a stimulant—a question that is up to the reader to decide for his or herself.

Works Cited List

 

1. http://www.adhd.org.nz/neuro1.html

 

2. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhd.cfm

 

3. http://www.adderallxr.com/about_adderallxr/about-works.asp

 

4. http://www.adrugrecall.com/news/adderall-abuse.html

 

5. http://www.med.yale.edu/chldstdy/plomdevelop/genetics/01febgen.htm

 

6. http://www.answers.com/topic/adderall

 

7. http://www.slate.com/id/2118315

 

8. http://www.vpul.upenn.edu/ohe/library/drugs/adderall.htm

 

9. http://www.thecitycollegian.com/artman/publish/article_409.shtml

10. http://amphetamines.com/adderall/classroom.html

Comments

Anonymous's picture

In college, Family history abuse

I'm a junior in college, having one hell of a time working 3 jobs, carrying a full load while coming home to an unstable environment. Being extremely motivated to succeed, I heard adderall helped some friends of mine perform on another level with their school work. There is an unfair pressure on me to finish school and be on my own due to my parents neglegence cause by their own depression and self centeredness. I have always, not to sound conceited have made the most beneficial logical life decisions, some would say funny coming from a girl. But now I'm facing a more challenging issue with not having any guidance at this critical point in my life, with all of my stress from my disfunctional home situation moving in and out 4 times in the last year trying to find affordable housing in orange county while in school(there's none) ..... In short, life seems impossible. The only thing I know is that all of my success or failure will only be my own despite my distractions. I know this sounds more like a personal blog than an adderall post, but what i think is the hidden non-prescription use of adderall is hope. A chance for someone to again have confidence in themselves that they can achieve their goals despite the bull going on in all of our lives. They can get what they've always wanted in they work hard enough with this aid. This is what I'm hoping to get. A prescription pat on the back that can help cheer me on when I'm "in the
weeds" like we say in the restaurant industry. I'm not saying I'm not at risk of becoming addicted, but I believe it's worth a try, to give me some kind of a freaking break!!

Anonymous's picture

MTV True Life: I'm on adderall

Hi David, I ran across your posting and knew I had to respond. I have been trying to watch the episode of MTV's True Life for about a year, ever since my adderall addiction began. Is there any way you could send me the link or direct me to this? I've heard so much about it, especially when I went to rehab last summer, 3,000 miles away. Unfortunately, the dangers of abusing this drug are not broadcasted enough, so I thank you for counseling those who are struggling with this disease. My desire is to counsel as well, I have great empathy for those with depression and addiction.

I'm a 21 year old college student and my life has completely been torn to pieces because of my powerlessness. It started with a desire to look better in a bikini and to get good grades (even though my grades were better before adderall). I was able to get a prescription with no trouble at all, simply pretended to have ADHD. I'm surprised my Psychiatrist lacks the ability to notice that I'm full of bullshit, have noticeable paranoia, and am skinnier with each appointment. Obviously I'm the epitome of an addict; I have mastered manipulation.
Adderall addictions are gradually becoming an epidemic to me. When I joined a sorority at my university 2 years ago, I observed girls snorting and taking it like candy. Most of them were prescribed. Abusing the substance to party harder or cram for finals is normal and frequent, not to mention looking thin. I don't enjoy life anymore, I am basically friendless and empty due to this drug. This breaks my heart, not to mention my familys and all the people who have tried to intervene. I want my life back so badly. I hope MTV does another True Life or something similar regarding substance abuse with adderall again. Thanks for your time.

PS. To readers who actually have ADHD and benefit from Adderall, I hope you don't find my comments to be offensive. It must be frustrating to have strict regulations getting the medication, etc. I apologize that abusers, like me, make your lives difficult. If I could, I would rewind back to before I picked up my first prescription, the day I became hooked.

Michelle Nelson's picture

Interview about college students' attitudes toward Adderall use

My name is Michelle Nelson and I am writing an article for my college newspaper about college students using Adderall as a study aide. I would like to interview you for the article so you could share your experience with the drug.

If you would like, I could e-mail you my questions at your convenience. You can reach me at elle.g.nelson@gmail.com

Thanks,

Michelle Nelson

Anonymous's picture

College and Adderall

Any engineer who says it would be impossible to succeed without Adderall because teachers expect more than is possible from students is probably just not one of the brightest students. I am a physics and math double major and a senior at a major institution. I find the work load pretty stressful at times, but manage to play in a band, hold a job where I host a TV show, and do improv acting once a week.

Too much work...need drugs...BULLSH*T. I don't need adderall to do my work. But you know what? I take it because it is freaking awesome and does nothing but help. Stop lying and saying it is necessary. The truth is that it freaking rules and makes everything better, that's why we take it.

Anonymous's picture

RE: College and Adderall

Good for you- but how about you think for one second that you might not be able to put yourself into someone else's shoes? Are you that smug and ostentatious that you think you have some deeper understanding of other people's lives? I'm a senior in college. I go to school full time and also coordinate a group home for developmentally disabled adults where I spend 70-80 hours every week--at times covering awake overnight shifts before class the next day. Needless to say I don't sleep much as it as but my body has adapted to the schedule without the use of Adderall. However by the time midterms and finals come around I will find a few Adderall to help me make it through the week. And yes, I do need them. Without them I would be forced to either quit the job that I love, or drop out of my senior year of college.

Could I have made some different decisions with this final year of school? Yeah of course I could have, but my job is in my field of study and it's one of the most rewarding things I've ever done. Quitting my job would cut off my ability to pay for school and leave me unable to pay rent or bills. I can't get student loans for personal reasons and I won't allow my parents to spend their money on my college. They've already supported me for 18 years, I think I owe them enough as it is. Dropping out isn't an option either because I'll be pursuing a higher education after graduating. So if I NEED to take some Adderall to make it through two or three weeks of the year, I'm going to take it and I'm going to take it responsibly (although I suppose it's still considered abuse since I don't have a prescription). All I'm saying is don't act like you know, or could ever understand, peoples' lives that you don't even know. It's just pretentious.

Anonymous's picture

adderall doesn't make you smarter...ie it is all genetic

You all have some wide-ranging opinions on Adderall, hopefully my first-hand perspective helps you guys get some clarity on it:

I am currently a business (information systems/accounting) student who has taken Adderall for 2 years.

In high school, I was able to study fine without Adderall though I did require tutors for certain subjects. I received a merit scholarship to university based off of my Adderall-free grades. I did hang around with the wrong crowd and indeed did abuse Adderall one time when taking the SAT and my score rose 120 points.

Once at university, I ended up again falling in with the wrong crowd, and once I stopped playing sports, and lost my support network: school got very difficult.

It was at this point that I obtained a prescription to Adderall, and watched as my grades rose initially. The problem is that I kept having to up the dosage to get the sharp feelling back.

I recall one instance where I took a test and was so tweaked out that the clock became blurry. Though I posted the best grades in the class, I became increasingly paranoid and suspicious. I literally lost my mind to this addiction, and began tracking the stock market daily. I made investments that made over 300%, yet I could not have a basic conversation with a stranger. It was like I had Asperger's or something. Though most of my friends were bad people to begin with, even I had become to crazy for them. I couldn't even fit in with the degenerates of the gene pool.

I completely lost touch with reality due to this drug, and went from being a social, well-liked, typical guy to a machine, incapable of feeling anything. I guess you could say it was almost schizophrenic-like trance.

I realized that I had a deeper pain than just Adderall addiction, and I am properly treating the depression I have suffered from my whole life.

Now I am getting back to normal. I can talk with people again, I have self-worth, and I'm making friends like I used to. I am now on antidepressants/anxiety medicine, which perhaps I should've been prescribed initially instead of Adderall. I believe the effects of Adderall have left me with lasting damage and I may eventually have to raise my dosage. I still take Adderall, though consistently, everyday. I find I need to raise the dosage to study at a high level, but in the end it isn't worth it to go over the top.

No one is meant to play God. You have to take the cards you've been dealt and make the best of it. As far as depression goes, I think that needs to be treated as a chemical-imbalance. Adderall is nothing but speed. I feel good for the first time in my life thanks to the anti-depressants, and I don't care that my grades are going to shit because although Adderall can help you with grades, it's not worth it in the end. At least in my case.

I'm content with who I am. I was blessed by the Lord both athletically and physically, and was given many mental talents. Although my mental talents may not be up to par with other peoples, I don't mind because after going down that hell of a road I went down, where I essentially thought nothing was real, I can be happy with who I am today.

My final thoughts after this rambling post is you have to be careful with Adderall:
-You have to know your limitations
-You have to be aware of your talents
-You have to accept the way God made you, and figure out how to use that to make money, good grades aren't the end-all or ticket to a high-paying job if you are too whacked out to even understand a conversation

Anonymous's picture

Your story actually pulled me

Your story actually pulled me back to last summer when I first started taking anit-depressants. Be careful because what you described about feeling good, and self worth then your assessment on adderall and how you didn't have any friends etc. I have always been a friendly person, good at school, my job, and with friends. However I started taking Zoloft because of panic attacks and it turned my world upside down. It took a few months for it to take full effect but once it did I could not recognize dreams from reality, and lost most of my friends because I didn't care, I felt good, happy, and that was all that mattered. Soon all feeling went away, and I mean all, like an empty shell. Be careful with anti-depressants. They are meant to treat you fast and get most of the symptoms out of the way. However our society says your "this" take a pill without finding out the true underlying problems causing those symptoms. After taking an SSRI for 5 months, it took me almost a year before I started feeling normal again. Good luck my friend, hope all turns out well.

Anonymous's picture

Adderall

Hello, I read your posting here, thank you for sharing your story about Adderall. I've just been prescribed Adderall for the 1st time and as like I do all prescriptions, I looked up information about what exactly it does to a person. I wanted to be informed properly before just blindly starting a new medication, even though prescribed by a doctor without my asking the doctor for it. I suffer from severe lack of concentration and motivation in getting anything done, can't even pick up the phone to make a call MANY times! I feel like a prisoner in my body that doesn't work, it's extremely frustrating. I am wondering, from your perspective, having had taken this medication,... is it worth it to take this medication when prescribed and run the risk of long-term use and possibly getting addicted, especially being depressed? I have also been diagnosed with MDD (Major Depressive Disorder). I take the medication Pristiq, but it doesn't seem to help my depression at all! Curious if you don't mind, what anti-depressant did you find works for you? I am wondering if my doctor is indeed on the right path in helping me and prescribing Adderall or if I need a different anti-depressant as well? I am embarrassed to talk about this with anyone, friends or family, so would really appreciate your thoughts and insight, having had very personal experience.
Kind Regards,
:o)

Serendip Visitor's picture

Adderall--my experience

For the past four years my life has ben a rollercoaster. I was diagnosed with Bi-polar disorder early in 2007 when I started having panic attacks, extreme insomnia and worsening depression. I was hospitalized in a mental health facility (on my own will) when I became suicidal. I have lived my whole life with depression and thought thats just the way it is. I have tried every medication in the book to treat my disorder, only to experience horrible side effects. The medications they gave me to help me sleep only made my insomnia worse. Depression medications made me more depressed. I felt like I was wired backwards. I had ran out of options. I stopped taking all medications except adivan which controlled my panic attacks. My life was in the shitter because I couldnt hold a job, complete the simplest of tasks and suffered from uncontrolable emotions and violent outbursts. My uncle had similar problems and for the longest time self medicated with large amounts of alcohol. My uncle came to visit a couple months ago and he seemed like a different person. He told me he finally went to the doctor and they put him on adderall. He was drinking a lot less and actually seemed to be happy for the first time since I have known him. I asked my doctor about this and if it was a good idea. He said its not generally recomended to give someone with insomnia, anxiety and panic attacks a stimulant but what the hell, I have tried everything else. From the first day I felt better. I was able to focus, I became more sociable and started doing thing that used to terrify me. I admit when you first start taking it most people will love it because it does make you feel euforic. I also experimented with my doses and would get high. I dont have a really addictive personality so I was able to find a dose that worked without negative side effects. I have ben working out, doing more things for myself and I actually sleep better at night. I still have manic and depressive episodes but they are not as severe. I can leave the safety of my house, do what I need to do without a meltdown or panic attack. I realize this is getting long winded so ill try to wrap it up. If you are thinking of taking it make sure you doing it for the correct reasons. Dont take it to get high, loose weight or get a better grade on a test. Explore other options before taking it because it is addictive and doctors can often missdiagnose someone. If you have had problems with addiction before I would NOT recomend it. I hope this helps someone who needs advice from a person that has ben to hell and back.

Ant's picture

Good Stuff

I am 26 years old and just got my first prescription to Adderall. I have always had ADHD but was able to get by. I had a lot of disciplinary problems in middle and high school. I did my undergrad in engineering and did a masters part time after I started working full time. However, I was always frustrated in school because it was so difficult for me to pay attention to what the teachers were saying. I rarely learned anything from class and had to teach myself almost everything. About 90% of all mistakes I made on my tests and assignments were from what would be called "careless mistakes." For instance, I would often miss words like "not" or read "28" as "8" (my vision is perfect). As I got older I structured myself and tried to minimize the effects of my ADHD with some success. Long story short is that I finally pushed myself to see a psychiatrist and got the prescription. I am in grad school again part time and I redid some of my old homework that I originally did when I wasn't taking Adderall. I found a lot of those careless mistakes (used wrong numbers that were given in the problems). Now everything is much clearer and I am not making those mistakes.

I love this stuff so much and only wish I had it before. There are a lot of details I am leaving out of this story for the sake of being brief but Adderall is changing my life for the better, a change I wish I did earlier.

Anonymous's picture

Necessary

I'm a junior engineering student at a top ten school. To the people that say that it's cheating for a college student to take adderall, you don't have the slightest clue of what is required of college students. I suspect that college students today are bombarded with a workload greater than any other time in collegiate history.

I am very aware of the dangers of abusing prescription drugs; my brother went to rehab for an addiction to oxycontin. Thus I was extremely hesitant to try adderall. I went through the first two years of school without doing it, even though everyone around me was doing it. Finally, I caved. It was literally either a choice between using adderall, or failing out of the college of engineering. It is preposterous to claim that anyone would choose the latter. Adderall is a necessary part of the modern college students life, and I will make no apologies for using it.

I'd like to note that at this time, I've only done adderall three times. Never more than one pill ingested orally. I would never use adderall to help me finish a few homework problems. I use it to help me study for important tests and to help me stay focused when writing extremely technical papers (it's very easy to lose your focus when the subject matter is, by its very nature, incredibly dry).

I've never felt the urge to abuse adderall, although I have seen my share of adderall abuse. A couple of my old roommates would snort adderall nearly every weekend. But it's not realistic to think that these are the consequences of using adderall every once in a while to help study. I'd blame that problem on sheer ignorance about the dangers of any drug that effects the central nervous system.

The truth is, adderall works. Extraordinarily well. The difference between studying on and off adderall is profound. I find that I retain virtually all the information that I have studied when on adderall; its not like I can only remember the information when I take another pill. Don't expect to see college students stop using it any time soon.

igor's picture

Adderall = Amhetamine(Speed)

Now again, long time ago to be diagnosed as ADHD person means, that you(for example) forget to go to toilet to do things. Or you can't read even three words, cos you started to think about bananas. Or you forget to go into bus, cos when bus arrived you was thinking about woman boobs and so on. In this case doctor gave amphetamine(now it's called Adderall, they are really similar). Are you really do the same things I just described? :))

Anonymous's picture

Absurd

How ADHD people can study in the universities and then get responsible job? It's like monkey driving school bus. Who gives possibility to ADHD people study in the universities?

Anonymous's picture

I am a college student who

I am a college student who suffers from ADHD, and I'm not quite sure if this is an insult towards individuals who suffer from ADHD because your grammar is absolutely horrible. If it is indeed insulting, I believe anyone with ADHD is 300% more capable than yourself to function in a university, not to mention in the working world. Go back to second grade where they covered sentence structure. FUNDAMENTALS!!!

Anonymous's picture

Stupid students

Believe me, when you make pauses after adderall, you feel yourself like twice stupid. That's the side effect. After all you get addicted, like amphetamine user. And amphetamine users usually live short lives.

anom's picture

“For people with ADD, it just

“For people with ADD, it just makes them normal, and for people without ADD, it makes them above average. If both me and someone without ADD were both on Adderall, I could never outdo them (8).”

This is ridiculous... So if someone really wants to be successful in sports but genetically they are unable to put on size or strength (common, there is no denying that genetics play a major role) they should be allowed to take steroids because it makes them normal, compared to the genetically blessed athletes.

Its partially the schools fault too, that it has gotten to this. Here engineers are notorious for copying.. but it's because the workload is insane and some of us have to work part time, ect... Now when profs find out people are copying they make the assignments even longer and harder. When you have that much to do, and are copying half of it you're actually learning very little. It would be way more beneficial to have less of a workload and more measures to prevent copying.

Anonymous's picture

If you weren't genetically

If you weren't genetically blessed to be able to compete in a category then find another category to compete in that you will excel at without drug assistance. You will build on your self-esteem. My son has ADHD. he was diagnosed in the 5th grade. We practiced focusing technics so he wouldn't have to take any medications because they made him listless and his awesome personality was gone. Maybe you should teach yourself how to stay on task instead of using something your body doesn't need.

Anonymous's picture

Moral?

Being a freshman in high school I could care less if the Adderall I occasionally pop are moral. I'm a straight "A" student not thanks to the help of Adderall, but due to the amount of effort I put forth.
Now, where the Adderall use comes in. I'm on the varsity diving team at my high school. There are times when I don't get home from a meet until midnight on a school night. I then have to be up at 4:30am for weights in the morning. I don't feel like I'm being "immoral" just because I need a pill to keep me awake long enough to finish my homework.
Both of my brothers suffer from severe ADD/ADHD so I am fully aware of the disadvantages of people diagnosed with the disorder. I would NEVER take them before school or just to study for a quiz but, they are my once-a-month way to maintain my 4.0 and varsity spot.

Anonymous's picture

Grade 9? Good Luck in Uni

I think the main issue is that you are in the 9th grade and are so concerned about maintaining a 4.0 GPA and varsity position that you will risk physical and mental addiction to do so. It seems to be a bit of a paradox. By the time you reach/encounter university, or even enter junior/senior year of high school I hope you have moved on past adderall, or else you're in for a sad existence.

Anonymous's picture

don't worry he's lying.

don't worry he's lying. though if you wanna lie come up with something better than "varsity swimmer"

raina's picture

Adderall

It's too bad that there are always going to be people using others peoples medicines to get high.

I have always had ADHD and got dignosed 13 years ago. Fortunately I come from a family of very open minded and patient people. I suspect a few with attention deficits too. I walked to the beat of a different drummer but never caught flack from my family. According to myself I am perfectly fine but when I was in school my teachers always thought I was a problem, not bad per say but "difficult". I began taking adderall as a kid so I would be quiet and sit still in class(thus being less obnoxious to everyone else!)

There were times throughout the years I went on or off the medication. I got good grades either way, the only difference is that off medication it just took me twice as long to do everything. I accepted ADHD as a hand I was dealt. Even if I had to put in double the effort to get the same results I was going to do it because I had certain goals for myself. I wasn't going to use ADHD as an excuse not to try things that are hard. That being said there were many academic tasks or classes that despite my hardest efforts I could only ever get B grades in at the most.

Although prior to ever taking adderall I never desired to have better concentration, it does definately have advantages. I can do things that are boring and I don't like doing much faster and get them done with =) That means I have more time to do the things I enjoy or am interested in.

I don't think adderall makes you smarter at all, it just cuts out all the distractions so you can put your own intellegence to good use.

Everyone has strengths and weaknesses and I think the key to suceeding despite having ADHD is finding out what you like, what you are good at (and what wont bore you) and going in that direction. In my expirience being determined has beat out being distracted every time. Not that its not dificult and tedious.

No one besides my husband, immediate family and doctor know that I'm on medication. I don't tell people because I'm afraid they might try to steal it or try to buy it off of me (awkward). I have been on it for so long that I forget that it is an abusable substance to those without out ADHD. It affects us completely different than average people and that why we can take it for years and years with out ever becoming "weird"

Whether or not it is safe for some one non-ADHD to use it to study I don't know. My gut says it's probably not a good idea legally or physically.

People go to college to get a degree that it is required for the career they want to get in to. In many jurisdictions possession of a controlled substance is a felony. Having a felony will get in your way of getting the job you want regardless of whether you have a degree or not. Its ironic that the thing people say they need in order to get the grades, to get the degree, to get the career could be the very thing that prevents them from ever being able to have the career. Think about it. Its not worth getting busted over.

It shows up in your urine so if you get tested by your employer or coach you had better have a rx for it or else you may lose your job or get kicked off of a team.

From a health perspective it is never good to take things you don't really need. Even for people with ADHD it is not recommended for those with heart conditions, high blood pressure or history of anorexia.

Putting your self at risk to become addicted to something is foolish. Everyone says it could never happen to them. I would bet that if you ask people you know who have ever been addicted to something whether they thought they were going to become addicted at the beginning the overwhelming majority of them would say no.

Adderall increases dopamine activity in the brain and brings the levels of ADHD people from low to normal. When normal people take it their levels go from normal to high. High dopamine levels are associated with psychosis. Thats why meth users get all crazy and paranoid. I imagine the same thing could happen with adderall if someone took enough of it. Either that or an OD.

I guess all in all, I think its a bad idea to take it if you dont need it medically.

sage's picture

Big Risk

I am currently finishing up my first year of college at a fairly large university. Finals are currently being taken and many of my friends and peers have been taking pill after pill of Adderall to help focus while studying. This concerns me because, along with any other type of drug, I know that their are side effects that can be potentially deadly. Earlier this evening I was informed that a sophomore girl down the hall from me overdosed on Adderall and died. I am now trying to learn as much as I can about symptoms and long term affects because I care about my friends and even my peers that I don't know very well. Is a GPA really worth your life? I understand that people want to make the most of their time in college and succeed, but can you say that taking a drug, that enables you to preform better than you would normally, is ethical?

Latrice's picture

LAZY SOCIETY

This is sick there's always a easy way out of doing something..EVERYTHING! Its lazy to pop a pill instead of taking time to actually learn material! After taking aderall do you think you could of passed the test with YOUR OWN Natural BRAINS?not strung out on DRUGS? NO its just like saying that someone's nose is better than mine's and they got a nose job! or someone's boobs are bigger than mine after they got a boob job! RIDICULOUS! BE REAL,BE NATURAL!

Charli's picture

LAZY? WTF ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT?

YOU HAVE NO CLUE WHAT YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT DONT JUDGE PEOPLE HAVE A CHEMICAL INBALANCE IN THEIR BRAINS! YOU HAVE NO IDEA WHAT ITS LIKE TO GO THROUGH SOMETHING LIKE THIS! TAKING ADDIS DONT MAKE YOU SMARTER DUMMY,THEY MAKE YOU FOCUS ON WHAT IS BEING TAUGHT.

Anonymous's picture

LAZY SOCIETY

I take it you have never taken adderall. I was diagnosed with ADD when I was 13 and prescribed adderall (now I'm 19). It sounds like you think adderall is some kind of miracle pill that makes the user smarter. I don't know where you got this idea but the fact of the matter is that people with ADD or ADHD need this type of drug, weather it be adderall or some other kind of methamphametine, to be able to function in everyday life. I remember before I was diagnosed, I would try to complete homework assignments up in my room, and having no TV or computer, I would play with my pencils and pens after I lost focus, pretending they were action figures. How out of touch do you have to be to do that? After I started taking adderall my grades didn't improve, BECAUSE I STILL HAD THE SAME BRAIN IN MY HEAD, I was only able to focus better with my schoolwork. So don't say that using adderall is an excuse for being lazy when it comes to school because the only thing wrong with me is that my brain doesn't produce enough dimethylaminoethanol (the chemical that enables one to focus), so I have to add adderall to give my brain a kick-start. Using adderall with a prescription is just like taking insulin for diabetics, in theory. So please don't come in here and act like you know what you are talking about because until you have used adderall you have no right to say that users are lazy.

a Yale Student's picture

College

I am a college sophomore who takes Adderall to study for exams and to write long papers.

For everyone out there who thinks that they can just 'get by' in college without taking Adderall, obviously hasn't been in a competitive college's class lately. Teachers nowadays expect more than is naturally capable from their students. Just because I take Adderall, does not mean that I am addicted to it; I CHOOSE when to take it. Also, I have not had I had any adverse reactions to the drug.

When your taking six 4-credit courses at an Ivy League institution and working part-time to pay the $55,000 a year tuition like I am, Adderall becomes almost a necessity. All nighters would be impossible without it. However, once again I want to stress that I am not addicted to this drug. (It's called willpower, people!)

In college, it is a matter of who wants to success more than the next person. If I chose to stay up all night, read a 300 page book, and write a 10 page essay that receives an A, knowing that it will put me ahead in life, why wouldn't I? Everybody wants to reach their full potential and with Adderall, the possibility of doing so is actually tangible.

Anonymous's picture

Welcome to life, guess what

Welcome to life, guess what its not fair. Be it sports academics or any particular endeavor, there are those who excel in their respective areas and there are those who do not. You will never see somebody with inferior genetics make it into any professional sport, steroids or not. Period. Life simply didn't deal them that hand. There are those who must work to support themselves during their academic careers, is it fair that they are unable to have their financial needs provided for them? Quite simply, no one starts on equal footing, and in a world where only results matter in the end, can anyone blame anyone for taking something that will improve their performance in any area in their life?

Anonymous's picture

adderall

How can anyone think that taking mind altering drugs can enhance their education. They are going to be the folks who will be taking anti depressant drugs later in life. The whole generation will be suffering from prescription addiction!

Anonymous's picture

ADD and me

I was diagnosed with ADD when I was 5 years old, and took Adderall for it up until I was in 8th grade. I think, more then it having me lose weight it gave me a mental addiction to it. It was hammered in my head that I NEEDED this drug to help me do well, so I was never able to think anything I did right I could do on my own. It was very hard for me when I was little dealing with that thought.I always thought there was something really wrong with me, and I was incredibly embarssed of any of my friends finding out. When I was in 10th grade I was briefly put on a kind of focus-patch, at my own request. I thought it would help me with my math I was struggling with. I soon got off of that and it was until the end of my senior year of highschool that I requested to be put back on Adderall. It wasn't hard at all to do, I just walked into my doctors office and asked for a new prescription.

I was entering college as a music major and had been up all night practicing and practicing and studying music theory. I was doing fine without it, up to 6 hours everyday after school and work ended! But I sincerly thought that the reason I wasn't where I wanted to be was because there was something wrong with me and I NEEDED Adderall to help me. That no matter how hard I tried to do something on my own, that there was something wrong with my brain and I would be able to do much better then how I was doing with the stimulant.

The first few weeks I was back on the drug, well DrugS, the doctor had given me a prescription not only for Adderall but for a lower dosage of Amphetemine salts to take if I felt the Adderal was wearing off, things sort of continued as normal. But then in the course of only 2 months I went from 5'6 and 126lbs to 5'6 and 108lbs. I was depressed all the time and started chain smoking, sometimes I would sit in my room and cry for no real reason. I really just wanted to die. I had never been so sad, and for no reason, in my entire life. I knew what it was doing to me but I was willing to accept the side effects because I thought it was going to give me a cutting edge when I entered College in the fall.

during the summer I went to my new doctor complaining of chest pains,how I couldn't sleep at night anymore.. I got an EKG which told me my heart was going way too fast. I'm a vegetarian, and eat mostly organic foods I cook myself, so they didn't understand why this could be happening. When I told them I was on Adderal and the salt tablets they said I had to stop taking them, because I was putting myself at risk for serious heart problems at only 18 years of age. Well, I didn't stop. I often wonder if Adderall has a real dependency risk, because I feel terrible when I'm not on it too! It's nothing like the jitters and high-strungness I get when I'm on it, just more like the terrible crash that ensues after. But I'm still afraid I wont be able to do well without it. I also started taking it on those "I feel fat and disgusting and my bikini looks gross on me" days, because I knew it would help me lose weight.

I only have a few pills left and I'm going to try and have this be the last of them. I want to be able to do well without stimulants, I don't want to think I can't do well without drugs anymore.

I think it's just disgusting how younger and younger kids are being diagnosed with ADD. I think there are alternate solutions then to just drug them up. If you're a parent reading this, please please please take it from me, don't let them drug your kids! You have no idea the kind of shit it brings them down the road.

I'm still scared I wont be able to do well without this drug, but I'm more scared of my EKG results, of losing all my friends to the wall I put up when I take it, and to never know what it's like to be free of stimulants and to just have a normal day.

Don't have your kids go through the shit I'm going through now. It's not worth it.

Anonymous's picture

Adderall

I have had ADD all of my life, but I have not taken any drugs for it. Does it really help as much as everyone is saying? I am scared of the side effects... I am a real nervous person and I heard that it can cause anxiety attacks.

Anonymous's picture

Adderall

It rarely causes anxiety attacks. If you have never taken any drugs for your ADD, i strongly sugest trying it, but only if you have been diagnosed with ADD, and you are not just guessing at it.

Anonymous's picture

prescription please

I'm really against those without ADD receiving stimulants to enhance their performance. I was diagnosed with ADD in first grade, then again in 5th grade, in high school and now I'm a freshman in college. I never had to study at all in school, like literally never did homework or read, but I did not lack intelligence in the least bit. I was president of math club, got 4's and 5's on AP tests and did very well on the ACT's (even though i fell asleep during the reading portion of it). What really irritates me is my friend who does not have ADD took Adderall and got a perfect ACT score and was a national merit finalist. Now he is a very intelligent kid himself but he was much more focused on test day than anyone I have ever seen. Finally I went to college and I was once again diagnosed with a series of tests that required me to visit my doctor 5 times. He gave me the prescription and I didn't fill it, I don't like the idea of taking drugs. I did great the first semester and got straight A's. Then the next semester rolled by in which I worked, pledged for a Fraternity and went to classes that I never took in high school. I finally went back to my doctor and got my prescription filled and I became well normal. I don't look up my book every five seconds, i'm not as fidgety, i'm not the last one to finish my test, and i can concentrate on things other than those that I obsess over. Adderall has helped me be like many of my peers in high school but it irritates me when people take it without a prescription or who don't have ADD. All they do is overstimulate themselves with dopamine and study like a computer. Being a pre-med student that greatly puts others at a disadvantage. Sure some are naturally smarter than others but that is just how they are. ADD is a disorder and just like someone who can't walk needs a cane to walk we use medicine. Most of the non prescribed users have been girls from my observations. Walking down the library at Kansas University I often hear sorority girls saying, "Did you take your adderall yet?" "No I'm gonna wait till I have to study for my chem test." You know they were not prescribed it otherwise they would not have to worry about when they will take the limited quantity of pills that they have. I know i wrote kind of an essay, but it really irritates me to people have so much more of an academic advantage than those without the disease. And yes it does not seem like I have ADD from my last semester grades, but you would do well too if you retook all the classes you took in high school in college.

Anonymous's picture

If you have to drug yourself

If you have to drug yourself to succeed in college then maybe college isn't for you. The world needs ditch diggers too (caddy shack)!

I never needed drugs in college just a lot of effort.

Anonymous's picture

lets not get confused

Let remember there is a difference between dependence and addiction. If your addicted you will have side effects if you stop a medication. You can even get addicted to caffeine. Have you ever had a headache and feel like crap and then you drink your caffeine drink or pill of choice and all is great with world again? Addiction. Both depending and addiction in my book are equally not good. Think about it, who is suppose to be in control of you? You are. They have laws against giving prescibed drugs to a nonprescribed person. One-because you are not a physician and have no authority/certificate/mal-pratice insurance/schooling/knowledge of drug interactions, and two-you would feel aweful stupid if someone did go and abuse the Adderall and over estimating his drinking ability and get alcohol poisoning and die. Not to mention, is the student of dring age? Well how many laws are there here that would be broken anyway? I have ADD and diagnosis as an adult is hard. Adderall has changed my life. Not in a fog anymore.

Anonymous's picture

I'm a junior at a University

I'm a junior at a University and I'm fed up with studying and writing papers. I just cannot handle it anymore. I think the problem is the expectations. It's ridiculous how much work they pile on you and it's useless. Professors create their syllabus with no regard for the student. Is it really necessary to write 2-3 research papers, each 10 pages long? Seriously, maybe if they realized that students actually have lives outside of the campus, we wouldn't have to be drugged up on pills so that we can focus on finishing those damn papers.

Anonymous's picture

Alcohol and Adderall Response

T above^^^^ I don't know the long term effects, but I wonder if there's an increased risk of alcohol poisoning. If I take Adderall and drink, I stay up way longer than I could have without medication, and I end up drinking more. Because my mind still seems relatively sharp and I don't slur my words, often the people around me don't realize how much alcohol I've imbibed. Plus all the extra drinking leads to a full day of horrible gut wrenching "please god let me die" shivering hangover. There is no way that is safe, so I feel confident in recommending no one do it, unless you're self destructive like me, in which case get help! I am.

Anonymous's picture

Drinking and Adderall

I really dont think people should be concerned as much with students taking adderall to study, as much as they should be worried about people taking it to go out to the bars. Alot of people on our campus do it for recreation before drinking just so they can stay up and drink more. I am guilty of this, alot, too, but I would really like to know the long term effects of that. Obviously everyone is going to freak out and say its terrible, but who knows. Guess ill know when I'm on my death bed and the doc says "yeah its from all the adderall and jack daniels in college"

Anonymous's picture

I am a 29 year old graduate

I am a 29 year old graduate student. I have had ADD my entire life, I can remember having a terrible time paying attention and getting my work done as a kid. My teachers always said "Yes, she is very intelligent but doesn't pay attention". Back in the 80's and 90's ADD was a taboo thing so no teacher dared tell a parent that they thought a child was affected by it.
Now in graduate school, I finally got fed up with those "cobwebs" in my brain that none of my classmates seem to have. It has always taken me longer to read, do homework, and to complete tests than any of my other classmates, even though I love what I do.... I was prescribed Strattera several years back--It made me a zombie, all I wanted to do was sleep! So I just gave up for awhile and dealt with it.
My doctor asked me if I wanted to try to fix it again...I started taking Adderall last week, I am working on my masters thesis and was tired of it taking me so so long to be productive or to come up with anything that is worth saying. I take half a pill twice a day. I feel NORMAL. I don't take enough to get a buzz or a high...I made the mistake of taking a whole pill once and felt like I was going a million miles an hour...I didn't like that.
On my small dose, I can be productive and not feel distracted by ridiculous things that I once was distracted by. I work faster and more efficiently. I do NOT feel that my creativity is blocked, but feel just the opposite. I come up with ways to say things that I knew were always there in my head, I just could not get them out before. When reading, I do not have to re-read everything....it sticks, and I no longer fade out. For me, studying and working has always been pleasurable, but it was also very stressful. I have stopped at times and cried because I just could NOT think clearly, even though I desperately wanted to. I had a love/hate relationship with it. Now it is just love.
I used to also fade in and out during conversations with people, not being able to totally focus on what they were telling me because my brain kept changing channels. It was like "Oooh, look, a bird!"
I am very glad I found this solution. I can now work diligently and not be distracted by the TV of my roommates or the sound of a helicopter.
LOL I still check my facebook, but not as much!

Anonymous's picture

before you rush into abusing adderall

Although something may seem like a good idea at the time after some time has passed looking back it didnt seem like such a good idea. I believe this can be true for adderall abuse. Adderall is beneficial in the right circumstance but harmful when it is abused.

You don't need a pill to focus. Don't jump on that band wagon believing it is a miracle drug and that everyone is using it. Do you really want to be dependent on a drug? There are plenty of other ways to focus on school work that aren't harmful. Evaluate way you are having a hard time focusing. Stress, environment you're trying to study in....Maybe its time to work on fixing those things before you turn to adderall. Learn ways to relieve stress, learn new studying habits, study with another person, find a quiet environment to help you focus, prioritize your busy schedule, eat right, exercise and try to get sleep even though that may seem impossible with a busy schudule.Studying and good grades doesnt come easy for everyone and theres nothing wrong with having to work hard for your grades.

I just hope that before you rush into abusing adderall that you try other techniques and give them a shot because in the long run you'll regret you ever started relying on adderall.

tiffany's picture

i just took my first aderall about 10 minutes ago

our finals are coming up and me &all my friends are doing it so i'm test driving one for my first time.
so far im just hyper, and more focused.

Coral 's picture

i just my first one 2 days

i just my first one 2 days ago, i was the same wayy

Anonymous's picture

man.... unless you put that

man.... unless you put that shit up your nose you wouldn't feel the affects for atleast 30 min. the cap has to disolve first

Anonymous's picture

No you aren't

How is that? It doesn't kick in for at least an hour, unless you snorted it or something...

Eric's picture

I urge all people reading

I urge all people reading pages like this to take it all with a HUGE grain of salt. Scratch that, a SACK full of salt. It is absolutely critical that individuals apply their own personal critical thinking to the issue. Why? Because people are incredibly stupid. Sounds funny, but I absolutely mean it based on the elementary article and some rampantly ignorant comments I had to wade through to get down here.

I'm not going to get into all the reasons that nullify people's dumb points about how it's a controlling, physically addictive hard drug, or how people have some idiotic idea in their heads that it's intelligence in pill form, but I will point out what our entirely retarded pill-popping society is TEMPORARILY overlooking:

TEN TIMES OUT OF TEN, when an individual's heart rate is regularly manipulated by an artificial chemical stimulant, there WILL BE long term negative consequences.

That's why I personally guarantee that within the next five to ten years there will be a radical revolution in regards to doctors dispensing it like candy. If you doubt that at all whatsoever you're not alone, lots of people around the turn of the century held similar sentiments regarding cocaine prescriptions among other equally addictive and dangerous drugs.

Anonymous's picture

Adderall

I have been on the pill for 10 years now. I only had one serious side effect and that came with the switching from 60 mg to 40 mg, i became very agitated and emotionally unstable. I do believe this pill beneficial to all. People might complain that one person outperforming them isn't exactly the fairest of circumstances. but lets look at the big picture. if some one can make them selfs smarter to succeed better, why not congratulate them?

Kids taking drugs to be smarter? What kind of moronic statement is that? I say this isn't a problem.

Idk i'm 19 and thats my personal opinion.

Senior in HS's picture

Why is it a problem

Why is it a problem to take a drug that can help you succeed or do better with whatever you need to? Seeing as how there are only a few downfalls, and the big one being "dependency", I dont see why there is any problem with using it as a tool for improvement. I'm not diagnosed with ADHD, nor exhibit any symptoms, but I have taken it a few times and I love it. I do a million times better in school and I just love life while Im on it. Im actually HAPPY to be at school when on adderall. The only thing that sucks is coming down, because I get pissed off sometimes, but the benefits are worth the cost.

igor's picture

Low IQ?

Then why not to take Heroin or Methadone? You will feel yourself much much better.:) Maybe you are not suffering from ADHD, but you're suffering from having a really low IQ considering your post.

Anonymous's picture

You don't get dependent on

You don't get dependent on Adderall. I have used it on and off for years. And if I run out there is never withdrawl. You just don't have the benefits. It is no big deal.

ben M's picture

That is not entirely

That is not entirely accurate. While I do understand that you mean 'you don't get dependent on adderall physically', people do become dependent upon Adderall. While it may be more rare for someone to become addicted physically to adderall, one becomes dependent on taking adderall in order to accomplish a task. A friend of mine honestly can't study unless she has an Adderall. If she doesn't have adderall she will procrastinate studying until it is too late. It is sad and pitiful but adderall dependency is nothing to blow off. The fact that many students use adderall as a tool to aid in their studying simply confirms that some students do depend on adderall whether it be once a day, week, month, or semester.

gwern's picture

"There is even more to this

"There is even more to this issue than menacing side effects, however. What is it about academics today that have students popping pills to succeed? And is it fair? Athletes that use steroids are kicked off their sports teams because they are assumed to have an unfair advantage—so isn’t this the same general principle? Many students, especially those that actually suffer from ADHD reply “Yes.” “It’s the kind of medication that can help anyone,” says ADHD afflicted student Josie, “For people with ADD, it just makes them normal, and for people without ADD, it makes them above average. If both me and someone without ADD were both on Adderall, I could never outdo them (8).”"

This is an interesting question, but aren't we being misled by the analogy? Sports are an artificial constricted arena, which is specifically devoted to having no purpose but comparing abilities (and entertaining people thereby). If someone sets a record by running a 4-minute mile (with or without steroid help), it doesn't matter. No one is better off, no matter whether it was a 5 minute mile, a 4 minute mile, or a 3 minute mile.

But with science, with math, with all the other college subjects and jobs: we usually are doing them for some practical purpose. A few ground-breaking mathematical theorems is good, but many such theorems is even better (regardless of how we accomplished them). We just want the results: the results really do make people better off. Pills are no more an 'unfair' advantage than anything else than raises math ability above the baseline - do we complain that computers are tools more easily leveraged by statisticians than number theorists and that this is unfair? No, we're just happy at how much better and faster our statistics are, how much sooner we get them, how they enable things like datamining (essential to Google, Amazon, Netflix, etc.). Fairness isn't really a concept that applies here.

As for the ADHD objection: well, so what? Why should the rest of us feel obliged to refrain from something just to let them catch up relatively? This is bad from a utilitarian point of view, and it isn't even fair - nobody insists able-bodied basketball players plop themselves down in a wheelchair, or that people who happened to win the genetic lottery in attractiveness or athleticism or intelligence or whatever take measures to equalize themselves with everyone else.